Pneumatic power is a type of power that is derived from the motion and pressure of a gas, oftentimes air. Though the power is derived from air, pneumatic power is a type of fluid compressor. An actuator, such as a cylinder, motor or rotary device, directly helps convert pneumatic energy into mechanical energy. Industries as varied as dentistry, mining and construction rely on pneumatic power. Because of its adaptability the technology can be used for a wide variety of applications.
Pneumatic tool, or air tool, is driven by compressed air. The air is compressed by applying pressure to the gas. This pressure increases the density and lowers the volume. Compression also works to raise the temperature of the air. Common pneumatic tools include: paint sprayers, nail guns, staple guns, drills, grinders, buffers, sanders and jackhammers, among others.
Pneumatic tools can also be powered by compressed carbon dioxide. Because the pressure can be stored in small cylinders, pneumatic tools are easily portable. Unlike the manually operated tools, the air powered tools are much more efficient and powerful. Air tools are also often cheaper and safer to run and maintain than electrical power tools. Pneumatic tools also have the benefit of having a higher power-to weight-ratio. This allows a smaller, lighter tool to be used to accomplish the same task.
Air tools also offer superior torque over electrical tools. Because they are often made with steel casings and have fewer moving parts, the life of pneumatic tools is substantially longer. Tools powered by compressed air lowers tool cost less than electric tools of the same quality.
Industry extensively utilizes pneumatic power systems. Factories are commonly plumbed with compressed air because a centrally located compressor powered by electricity provides power in a safer, cheaper and more reliable way than actuators or electric motors.
Pneumatic systems are also highly reliable. Hydraulic systems require sophisticated valves and plumbing systems. Because of this, hydraulic systems suffer more mechanical failures than pneumatic counterparts.
If a pneumatic system does require repair work, costs are typically very low. While these systems are powerful, the design is straightforward making repairs easy. Because of their relatively straightforward design, repairmen for pneumatic systems are easier to find, and charge substantially less, than hydraulic system mechanics. Because the air in a pneumatic system acts as a compressible cushion, it makes these systems more resistant to impact. Regular cleaning and maintenance of these tools are essential for safe and efficient functioning of the tools.
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