Portable hydraulic pumps are taking over more tasks that would otherwise require dangerous and strenuous human labour. These time and back-saving devices make significantly lighter work of a plethora of plant maintenance chores such as lifting equipment, tightening and loosening bolts, spreading flanges, and cutting corroded nuts. As powerful as these tools are, using the right pump is crucial to ensuring safety and efficiency on the job.
Because of the vast spectrum of capabilities and functions of portable hydraulic pumps, several factors should be taken into account when determining the appropriate power source. Hydraulic tool users can choose from three primary power sources: hand, electric, or air. Each method offers unique benefits relative to a wide range of situations.
Hand Pumps
A hydraulic hand-powered pump is usually the simplest and most economical type of pump to use. It is ideal for sporadic use of small or medium-sized hydraulic tools and is especially suitable for use in remote locations where other reliable power sources cannot be secured. In some potentially hazardous cases, a manually powered pump could be the only viable option as it does not require a source of power that could ignite.
Hand-operated pumps are available in sizes ranging from smaller single-speed devices weighing less than 5 kg to larger metal two-speed models weighing almost 45 kg. These pumps can come with oil capacities of up to eight litres and valving for either single or double-acting tools. The proper hand pump will meet requirements for system oil capacity, fluid compatibility, and valving type. Duty cycle is not a major issue because a hand pump is normally used for short one-time tasks.
The primary drawback with hand-powered pumps is its reliance on manual effort: its use is limited to the physical ability of its operator. Additionally, since one hand must be used to work the pump, the operator must sacrifice convenience and efficiency. Although hand-powered pumps are quite portable, they may not be operative in cramped locations, such as on ladders or catwalks, where operators may not be able to generate enough power. Further, these types of pumps require a flat surface for operating.
Electric Pumps
Electric pumps are the most common high-pressure pumps used after hand-powered pumps. Electric units come with versatile options of motor types, heat exchangers, valves and actuators, and operating voltages. The abundance of variations makes it challenging to choose the correct pump in this category.
While the major factors in selecting a pump are size, voltage, reservoir capacity, and valving, the additional aspects of electric motor and the necessary duty cycle are critical in choosing the best electric pump. Duty cycle is the time frame in which the pump will run at a particular percentage of full loads. Most high-pressure pumps are not suitable for higher duty cycles. Tasks that necessitate pressures over 5,000 psi for over an hour require pumps with coolers to regulate oil temperatures at a safe level of 65C (150F) or less. Electric motors are either induction or universal. The application determines the proper selection of either.
Induction motors operate for longer periods of time with greater durability. They perform at reduced noise levels, which is a significant benefit for jobs in restricted spaces. Induction motors are usually heavier, which explains why they are more commonly used in areas where a stationary, high-production pump is needed. An induction motor requires a highly stable electrical power source. A reduction in line voltage — even as small as 10 percent — could cause extensive damage to the motor. Using this kind of pump is not advisable for settings where electricity is sourced by a generator with an extension cord.
A universal motor pump may be ideal for situations that require the performance and speed of an electric pump and flexibility with portability and power sources. These motors are lighter than induction motors, provide more power in proportion to weight, and can function with less stable electrical power. If necessary, universal motors can run full torque on half of terminal rated voltage.
Air Pumps
Like a hand-powered pump, an air pump is relatively easy to use, portable and lightweight. Air pumps are available in many different sizes. They offer greater performance capabilities relative to hand-operated pumps. Another advantage is that they can be safely used in a location where an electrical current could be hazardous, provided that the pump is positioned at a sufficient distance from a compressor.
Reciprocating pumps are more popular than other air pumps, offering greater performance at lower cost. Usually, they are single-speed models that provide high flows at lower pressure since it can operate faster under diminished loads. However, a dual reciprocating air-powered pump is available for situations where high flow is necessary. With this design, the high-flow unit can stall at high pressure without an unloading valve.
A rotary air pump is ideal for higher performance needs. This type of pumps utilizes a rotary air motor which drives an ordinary hydraulic pump. However, rotary air pumps are typically noiser, heavier, and need more air than reciprocating pumps.
Sufficient air supply is the most critical factor to consider when choosing either air pump style. All air-powered pumps require a certain air flow rate to perform at their maximum level. If the airflow rate cannot be determined beforehand, a common standard is that each horsepower at the compressor will supply five scfm (approximately 142 litres).
Air pumps are suitable for operation in environments where pneumatic lines have been installed and are easily accessible. However, air pumps are typically more costly to use relative to electric pumps as compressed air tends to power tools less efficiently.
Guidelines for Pump Selection
- Determine proper ratings for maximum operating pressure, oil capacity, flow rate, cycle frequency and duration, and valving.
- Analyze cost factors including impact on productivity and manpower.
- Research ergonomic and safety features. Weight, dimensions and portability must be considered to help determine the level of dexterity and strength the operator will need. Noise levels should be as low as possible.
- Know the power source requirements. The power that is safely available often determines what pump is best to use.
- Ensure that tool speed matches pump size needed. Power requirements increase exponentially with pump size. The ideal pump matches the necessary speed without superseding it.
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Article Source: https://www.rg-group.com/blogs/which-pump-will-work-with-your-portable-hydraulic-system/