Category Archives: Industrial Supply

What Is A Spanner Wrench?

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Maxclaw Hook Spanner Wrench

A wrench is a tool that provides a grip for tightening or loosening a fastener, such as a nut or bolt. The term spanner wrench is redundant; Americans consider this kind of tool a wrench, while the British refer to this tool as a spanner. While there are many kinds of wrenches, Americans refer to the type of wrench that contains pins or tabs around its circumference as the spanner wrench. These wrenches are made of steel for strength and are often chrome-plated to protect against corrosion.

 

There are many types of spanner wrenches, each with a distinctly shaped hook. In addition, some spanners are multi-tools with double-sided hooks. The most common type of spanner wrench is the C spanner. Its head is open in the shape of the letter C, and its jaws are meant to correspond to the similarly sized nut. The obstruction spanner is similar to the C spanner, except its jaws are angled more steeply to enable you to reach nuts in confined spaces. The ring spanner, on the other hand, has a completely enclosed ring that fits precisely over a hexagon or square bolt. While it can take some time to correctly place the ring spanner, it provides stronger leverage than open spanners. Make sure your spanner wrench is the correct size and is sitting properly around the nut before twisting. Otherwise, it could slip from the wrench and damage the tool or injure your hand.

 

Spanner wrenches are often used in plumbing to help repair leaky pipes or faucets. They are smaller and lighter than pipe wrenches, allowing flexibility to work in hard-to-reach areas. In addition, they provide enough turning force to open pipe connections that have been untouched for many years. Similarly, spanner wrenches are commonly used in gas repair to open gas pipes.

 

If you need more options of wrenches, please do not miss Maxclaw Tools Co., Ltd. – the company can provide basin wrench, hook spanner wrench, plumbing wrench, and drum wrench series for you. Now, check out Maxclaw’s product pages to get your right wrench!

 

Article Source: https://home.howstuffworks.com/spanner-wrench.htm

How to Specify and Apply Precision Gearboxes with Servo Systems

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A servo system and gearbox can provide precise motion control, but care must be taken in design, selection, and implementation.

 

With the many industrial gearboxes available today, it’s important to match the proper type of gearbox with the drive, motor, and load. When a machine needs a servo system (drive and motor), the gearbox type is critical for accurate and repeatable motion. Planetary gearboxes fit the bill for servo applications.

 

High-precision helical planetary gearboxes are an excellent choice for applications that need accuracy and reliability. Planetary gearboxes have very low backlash ratings (typically ranging from one to nine arc-min), and when sized correctly offer a service life of over 20,000 hours with virtually no maintenance. Helical planetary gears also provide very quiet and more efficient operation as compared to competitive products.

 

Precision gearboxes are carefully machined to high tolerances – think clockmaker, not blacksmith. They offer power densities that translates to small package size and efficiencies of 90% and greater.

 

Why Use A Gearbox?

Servo motors often drive loads directly without the need for a gearbox, but in many applications it’s advantageous to use a gearbox between the motor and load.

 

One main reason to use a gearbox is torque multiplication. It lets designers use smaller servo systems that consume less energy. Instead of buying relatively large servo drives and motors, designer can use smaller components, saving space and money.

 

Output torque increases in direct proportion to the gear ratio, and top speed of the output shaft decreases. If an application can withstand the reduced speed, a relatively small servo system can supply high torque.

 

Gearboxes can also address inertia mismatches. For high performance servo systems — those with high dynamic responses or low overshoot, for example – the ratio between the reflected load inertia and motor inertia should be as low as practical, ideally under ten-to-one. A precision gearbox reduces the reflected inertia by the square of the reduction ratio. For instance, using a 25:1 gearbox reduces the load’s reflected inertia by a factor of 625, a significant improvement.

 

In some cases, gearboxes simply resolve issues relating to mechanical fit. For example, if directly mounting the motor interferes with another mechanical component, a right-angle gearbox may solve the problem.

 

Compared to most other gear reducers, a precision gearbox provides better accuracy and repeatability. Furthermore, the gearbox’s high efficiency lets it deliver maximum power available from the servo system—features often a necessity in servo applications.

 

Comparing Types of Gearboxes

 

Gearboxes use a variety of power-transmission methods including, but not limited to, planetary gears, worm gears, spur gears, helical gears, and shaft-mount gear units. In servo applications, planetary gearboxes are often the most suitable.

 

Worm gears use a worm or screw gear to turn a larger transverse gear. They can provide high gear reductions in small packages but aren’t that efficient, on the order of 70%. Worm gears aren’t reversible either and thus can’t be back driven, so they cannot be used to increase speed.

 

Spur gears use straight-cut teeth on parallel shafts for power transmission. They are available in a wide range of ratios and are cost effective, but they can be noisy and prone to wear.

 

Helical inline gearboxes also use gears on parallel shafts, but the teeth are cut in helical shapes to allow gradually increasing contact between mating teeth.

 

Helical inline gearboxes and spur gears typically have more backlash than planetary gearboxes, and there is undesirable thrust acting along the gear’s axis. Helically cut gear teeth are quieter and are used in other types of gearboxes because of this.

 

Shaft-mounted gear units are popular for parallel shaft gears, such as spur and helical gears. They are well suited to conveyors and other material-handling applications, and are easy to mount. However, they suffer from the same disadvantages as their constituent parts.

 

Planetary gearboxes are named for their resemblance to a simple solar system. They consist of a ring gear, several planet gears, and a sun gear. The ring gear is typically fixed and is often part of the gearbox’s outer casing, and the input shaft drives the sun gear.

 

Rotation of the sun gear drives the planet gears to spin about their own axes and revolve about the sun gear. A carrier attached to the planet-gear shafts harnesses output. This arrangement creates a balanced and compact design that is concentric about the shaft. If multiple stages are needed, it is relatively simple to connect the output of one set of planet gears to the sun gear of a secondary stage.

 

High efficiency, low backlash, and high power density make planetary gearboxes the best of these alternatives in high-precision servo system applications.

 

Selecting Gearboxes and Servo Systems

 

A servo system coupled with a planetary gearbox is expected to provide precise motion, but this requires all components be carefully matched. Although it’s possible to buy the servo drive, motor, and gearbox from different suppliers, it’s not recommended as this requires a great deal of research and comparison to ensure all components will work together. Purchasing components from a single supplier — especially one that has carefully matched the components and will stand behind the specific combination of parts in question—offers several advantages.

 

The supplier has done all the research and confirms compatibility. Most suppliers will extend a more favorable warranty on such purchases. Plus, they can provide the approved mounting hardware to connect the components.

 

Some suppliers provide online tools for selecting servo systems and compatible gearboxes, easing the specification effort. These selection guides aid the design and provide specific recommendations for closely matched components that can be purchased as a system. In these cases, engineers can be certain the systems they specify are compatible in all critical areas, and that the components will come with the required mounting bushings and keys.

 

In fact, some selector tools let designers enter their torque and speed requirements, and then automatically filter a list of available motor-and-gearbox sets. Engineers can enter torque data in metric or imperial values, or the designer can select a particular servomotor size. Designers enter speed data as discrete values, or pick a gear ratio. Finally, the engineer can choose a preferred physical orientation—inline, right-angle gearing, or both.

 

The resulting list of available systems includes pricing information, a factor often critical to the selection process. After choosing a motor/gear combination, the designer moves to a page with full specifications for the selected servo system, the gearbox, and the combination.

 

One caveat: Even though a selector can make the specifying process easier, engineers and designers should always verify that a system meets their needs and gets applied correctly.

 

Best Practices and Common Pitfalls

 

Although gearboxes help reduce mismatches between the motor’s inertia and that of the load, the gearbox’s inertia must be included in the calculation:
Best Practices and Common Pitfalls
When high dynamic responses are required, engineers need to carefully tune the servo systems, preferably with loads attached, for the most responsive performance. Tuning can provide faster moves and minimize spongy motion while reducing overshoot or ringing after moves is complete.

 

Designers must also pay attention to radial-load and axial-thrust-load specifications. Axial-thrust load is the force acting along the output-shaft axis; radial load acts perpendicularly to the output shaft.

 

The force of gravity acting on the load is perhaps the most common source of radial loads, but other sources are possible, depending on the mechanical apparatus attached to the output shaft. Additional external bearings may be required with some loads to minimize these forces and prolong the life of the gearbox’s internal bearings.

 

A common way to minimize backlash is to approach all target positions from a common direction. In the event a reversing move is required, some designers let the load go past the desired position and return to it from the common direction.

 

Gearbox Applications

 

One classic example of a precision gearbox application is an indexing table with several stations for machining or assembly. Precision gearboxes and servo systems fit well when the table is relatively heavy and needs to be accurately positioned and when high-speed operation is not as important.

 

In this case, the gearbox is being used simply for accurate torque multiplication. The servomotor’s top speed of 3,000 to 5,000 rpm is not required at the load, so the gear reduction ratio and corresponding torque multiplication can be large. This allows a relatively small servo system to handle the task. The servo system might even use its built-in indexer to control the motion based on discrete I/O signals from a PLC, or even a simple selector switch, depending on the required level of automation.

 

Another example of a gearbox application is a high-speed pick-and-place device, such as part removal from an injection-molding machine. The cycle time of these machines is often critical to meet production quotas, and the designer typically wishes to remove parts as quickly as possible after the mold opens.

 

The moving arms of the pick-and-place device are designed to be as lightweight as possible, but inertia mismatch can still be a factor. The gearbox can minimize the mismatch so that the pick-and-place mechanism is extremely responsive.

 

The PLC in this example might be much more involved in controlling the motion, commanding moves with pulse and direction signals. In some cases, the PLC also passes recipe tuning values to the servo drive when the motion profile or the picked-part’s inertia changes.

 

Precision gearboxes and servo systems can be used to meet a wide range of automation challenges. Machine builders should purchase the required components from a knowledgeable vendor who will stand behind their products. Using online selection tools can simplify the choices, although the system will require tuning after installation. When properly designed, specified, and tuned, these systems provide accurate, repeatable results for many years.

 

If you need more information about planetary gearboxes, please do not miss the website of JIA CHENG Precision Machinery Co., Ltd.

 

The company can provide high quality and precision reducer, gearbox, and coupling for you. Feel free to send inquiry to let JIA CHENG know your requirements.

 

Article Source: MachineDesign

Something You Should Know About Rubber Oil Seal…

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What is Rubber Oil Seal?

 

If you ever notice dark smoke coming from the tail pipe of your car, chances are the rubber oil seals in your vehicle are leaky. The rubber oil seals are also called as oil seals, car oil seals, automotive oil seals and oil seal rings. Leaky oil seals fail to prevent liquids and gases from escaping, and thus oil begins to leak into places in your vehicle where it is not supposed to be. For instance, oil enters the fuel mixture and burns, resulting in the smoky combustion. Thus, we see that these rubber oil seals or oil gaskets are nothing but components that fit on valves and pipes for sealing oil inside the required compartments in your vehicle. Their design features a flexible lip that rubs against a shaft or housing and prevents the leakage or ingress of fluids and dirt from/ into the sealed compartment.

 

Advantages of Rubber Oil Seals:

 

Now rubber oil seal rings perform two important functions: they hold the oil in place, lubricating the moving machine parts, thus reducing friction, grinding and heat in the process. Additionally, these car oil seals keep foreign contaminants from entering and ruining the oil in your car. However, though these automotive rubber seals are popularly referred to as “oil seals”, they are used to retain or confine any form of fluid inside a particular device, especially devices such as hydraulic systems that feature a host of moving parts.

 

Types of Rubber Oil Seals:

 

  • U-Ring Seals
  • V-Ring Seals
  • Rotary Oil Seals
  • Labyrinth or Clearance Seals
  • Bearing Isolators
  • Spring-Installed Seals

 

Why Rubber is the Preferred Material for Oil Seals?

 

Though oil seals also come in materials like plain felt, leather and metal, the best ones are the oil seals made of different varieties of rubber. Seals fashioned from Nitrillic rubber is used with mineral oils, grease, diesel and water. Polyacryllic and silicon seals on the other hand are used for sealing motor oils, while flour elastomer rubber oil seals that have the capacity to withstand a wide range of temperature are normally used in different variety of fuel-related oils. Enlisted below are a few reasons that make rubber the most suitable material for manufacturing oil seals or oil seal rings:

 

  • Can easily withstand high temperature and pressure.
  • Have superior ozone resistance.
  • Feature excellent mechanical strength.
  • Can be easily shaped into different contours and patterns.
  • Are comparatively easier to install.
  • Require less maintenance and provide years of hassle free service.

 

Factors to Consider While Buying Rubber Oil Seals:

 

  • Type of polymer used in manufacturing
  • Shaft outer diameter
  • Seal inner diameter
  • Maximum operating speed
  • Maximum operating temperature
  • Maximum operating pressure
  • Vacuum rating

 

Are you going to look for the high quality rubber oil seals manufacturers and products? I recommend that you can try to visit Chain Yeeh Industrial Co., Ltd. (PHLE). They provide many kind of materials and types rubber oil seal for your choosing, and they also doing customize according to customer’s requirement.

 

 

Article Source: http://www.silentblocbush.com/rubber-oil-seals.html

Fan and Air Circulator Buying Guide

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When researching ways to cool your home, you can consider getting a fan. Fans, also known as air circulators, can be the perfect solution to meet light cooling needs. In more temperate climates, they are an excellent alternative to having an air conditioner that may not see much use. In hotter or more humid climates, fans can help ventilate and dry an area while cooling it, or they can supplement existing air conditioning systems.

 

Size, cooling capacity, intended use, style, and operational noise will all influence how effective a fan will cool your environment. Hence, understanding how fans and air circulators work to keep you comfortable is a key component to choosing the right one for your needs.

 

About Fans

Though fans may seem simple upon first glance, they have more recently become sophisticated cooling systems that help you save on cooling costs, meet versatile needs, and promote energy efficiency. Fans were arguably the first cooling devices created by humans. Today most fans are operated by an electric motor, which turns the blades within a housing unit. Several variations in fan design and intended purpose have greatly enhanced their functionality.

 

Fan Types

There are three main types of fans:

  1. Residential fans are generally meant for personal use.

 

  1. Heavy-Duty fans are found in offices, warehouses, and other workplaces to meet practical needs as well as keep employees comfortable.

 

  1. Water damage restoration fans help dry structures that have sustained water damage and tend to be versatile and powerful.

 

Fan Style and Design

Additionally, fans can be further categorized based on style and design. Fan styles include:

 

  • Tower fans have a long, vertical housing unit that includes a cooling apparatus that runs the length of the fan. They conserve space and offer greater blade protection than more traditional fans.

 

  • Pedestal fans feature a conventional fan design perched on a long stand to reach higher areas than a floor or table fan. They are useful for cooling areas off the ground without needing a desk or shelf for support.

 

  • Table fans can rest on a table, desk, shelf, or other stationary object. These desk fans are generally smaller air circulators that are convenient and mobile.

 

  • Floor fans sit on the floor and have a variety of uses. They tend to be larger than other types of fans and are often used in commercial and industrial applications.

 

  • Personal fans keep you cool in everyday situations. These fans are often placed in bedrooms, workshops, and even cars with a primary purpose of cooling one occupant.

 

  • Misting fans generate water droplets that are then released into the environment and evaporated, cooling the area in the process. These fans are generally used outdoors.

 

Many fan models will fit into more than one of the above categories. If you are just starting to investigate what kind of fan you will need, you should first narrow down the type and style of fan you prefer.

 

Fans vs. Air Conditioners

Fans have a variety of advantages over air conditioner systems. While air conditioners have an overall better cooling capacity than fans and offer a greater degree of control over your cooling experience, fans are more ideal for managing specific cooling tasks and allow for increased portability and convenience. Below are some of the more common benefits of using a fan instead of an AC.

 

  • Cost — As a rule of thumb, fans usually cost less than air conditioners, especially for residential usage. If you are trying to spend economically and wouldn’t necessarily benefit from the added capacity of an air conditioner, purchasing a fan may be the perfect route to take. Fans also cost less to maintain than air conditioners, since fans do not have filters, exhaust systems, and drainage concerns associated with them.

 

  • Efficiency — Fans consume less energy than an air conditioner when cooling a similar-sized same space. Whereas air conditioners create a low volume of air at a high pressure, fans create a high volume of air at a lower pressure. If you are looking to save on energy costs or only need a temporary cooling solution, you would do much better with a fan. Combined with a central air conditioning system, fans can help you save on your energy costs each month.

 

  • Green Living — Because fans don’t require refrigerant and conserve more energy when compared to an AC, they are far easier on the environment than an air conditioning unit. Running a fan is one of the cleanest ways to reduce your carbon footprint as you cool your home or workplace.

 

  • Setup — Air conditioners may involve elaborate exhaust and drainage systems, complicated installation processes, specific window or location requirements, and even professional assistance to setup. Fans operate out of the box. Merely choose a location for your fan and plug it in. Most fans do not require any assembly on your part, and those that do are easily put together.

 

  • Maintenance — Air conditioners often need air filters cleaned and replaced, refrigerant recharged, water drained, and pumps maintained in addition to the regular cleaning and upkeep any home appliance would require. Maintaining a fan involves keeping the blades clean and keeping the fan clean. Wiping it down with regular soap and water will get the job done, and you won’t have to purchase additional items not included with the fan to make sure it lasts. Fans are also far more convenient than ACs to repair and replace should a major incident befall it.

 

  • Portability — Because fans weigh less, require little or no installation, and have fewer external components than most ACs, they can be easily moved from room to room or put away for storage purposes.

 

Maintenance

Compared to other appliances, fans are relatively low-maintenance. The most significant issue related to fan upkeep is preventing dust, dirt, grime, and other buildup on the fan blades. When too many particles accumulate on the blades, the fan will spin slower, spread dust and dirt throughout the room, won’t move air as fast or as far, and will generally reduce the fan’s effectiveness. Too much dust buildup may cause the fan to stop spinning altogether.

 

The best way to avoid particle buildup is to regularly clean the fan blades, housing unit, and any air intake mechanisms. If your fan can be disassembled, simply take it apart and wipe down the various components. Refer to the manufacturer’s user manual when disassembling your fan, as the screws may be hidden or there may be easier methods to reach the blades. If your fan cannot be easily taken apart, try using brushes, sprays, or canned air to remove internal buildup. Take care not to get water on the motor or any other electrical parts.

 

Other measures you can take to prolong the life of your fan include placing it out of reach of children or pets, not running it when it’s not needed, using the fan only as it was intended, securing it from falling over or on top of other items, and giving the fan enough space to provide maximum benefit. Should it become necessary, fans are one of the easiest household appliances to replace.

 

Looking for Best Fans Manufacturer? I Recommend You…

King Fortune Electrical Co., Ltd. has become the most trusted name in industrial desk fan products. To meet the customers’ maximum satisfactions, the company has committed to its uncompromising insistence on excellence, quality and innovation. The superior quality of every King Fortune desk fan is backed by the most dedicated technical service support in the company.

 

If you have any questions or have an interest in King Fortune desk fans, please do not hesitate to send inquiry or contact with King Fortune immediately.

 

 

Article Source: https://www.sylvane.com/fan-buying-guide.html

When Should I Use A 3 Piece Ball Valve?

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The options for ball valves are seemingly endless. To select a ball valve, decisions have to be made. Which seat material? What kind of end connections? Full, reduced, or standard port ball? 2-way or multiport? What about packing? Finally, how many pieces?

 

What Is A 3 Piece Ball Valve?

Ball valves come in one, two, or three pieces. One piece ball valves are inexpensive and generally not repaired. Two piece ball valves consist of two separate pieces, with the connection between them being either threaded or a bolt and flange assembly.

 

As you may have guessed, a 3 piece ball valve consists of three pieces, two end caps and a body. The end caps are welded, threaded, or flanged to connect to the pipe on either side.

 

Why Use A 3 Piece Ball Valve?

For processes that put heavy demands on valves, having a 3 piece valve is more convenient than one or two piece ball valves. When seats and seals need to be routinely replaced, having three pieces allows for easy disassembly, servicing and reassembly without having to do major cutting on the pipe.

 

Three piece ball valves also allow for elastomers to be changed accommodating different process conditions, temperatures, pressures and flows.

 

Need to weld the valve in place? Another benefit is being able to move the body with trim out of the way while welding, ensuring the internals stay intact.

 

What’s The Big Difference Between 2 And 3 Piece Ball Valves (Other Than The Obvious…)?

Two piece ball valves were also designed with maintenance in mind. The big difference between the two is that the body on the 3 piece valve can be taken out without disturbing the two end caps. A two-piece ball valve doesn’t often allow this to happen, and it’s not possible at all with a one piece ball valve.

 

There’s also a price difference. As noted earlier, one piece valves are generally of the throw away variety. Three piece valves tend to initially cost more, but can save money in the long run in terms of time spend maintaining, and ability to change seats and seals vs. replacing the valve in its entirety.

 

Not sure how many pieces you should select for your ball valve application? If you have any interest in 3 piece ball valves, welcome to visit the website of Wellgrow Industries Corp. – the company is one of professional pipe fittings manufacturers in Taiwan. Feel free to send inquiry or contact with Wellgrow.

 

Article Source: Crane Engineering

Precision CNC Machining of Medical Implants

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Machining parts with complex geometries and fine surface finishes is common in the aerospace and automotive markets, but medical implant manufacturing takes it to a whole other level. A common saying in manufacturing for space applications is, “there is no repair shop in space.” The quality, precision and reliability of each part must be perfect because once it leaves this world, it just has to work since millions of dollars are on the line. Arguably, the same holds true in medical machining. If an orthopaedic implant doesn’t work correctly, the health and well-being of a patient is affected. When the surgery is complete, it just has to work.

 

Global demographic trends indicate that the need for medical implants will grow, and so will competition in the market. According to Seco Tools, approximately five major suppliers claim 85 percent of the orthopaedic component manufacturing market, with more than 200 companies fighting for the remaining 15 percent share.

 

Materials

Just like in any other engineering discipline, material is a critical consideration for medical implants. The two characteristics of material performance are biofunctionality and biocompatibility. Biofunctionality is more of a consideration for things such as plastic materials—the functionality of bone and joint implants is well-served by most metals. With metals, biocompatibility is the main consideration—examining corrosion properties of the metal and interaction of the corrosion reaction and the body’s tissues.

 

According to a recent article co-authored by Jan-Willem van Iperen and Ruud Zanders, engineers at SECO tools, the most common materials for knee and hip implants are cobalt-chrome alloy, such as CoCr28Mo6, and titanium, such as Ti6Al4V. Titanium is less popular but growing. Stainless steel also is used for temporary implants, as it is less corrosion resistant than cobalt-chrome or titanium.

 

Bar stock, forgings or castings are typically the starting point for machining operations, which are followed by grinding and polishing. Machining these materials can be challenging due to the same characteristics that make them functional in the body—their high strength and stiffness.

 

For example, cobalt-chrome is hard, abrasive and highly elastic. This can cause intense tool wear, compounded by the material’s low heat conductivity. Titanium, on the other hand, has the lovely property of work-hardening, as well as poor heat conductivity. During machining, heat builds up at the cutting edge and tool face.

The usual response to these types of materials is to dump plenty of coolant into the cut. However, traditional coolants can contaminate medical implants, requiring expensive and time-consuming cleaning processes. For this reason, Fusion Coolant Systems developed a coolant system using supercritical carbon dioxide. For more information about scCO2 dry-cutting technology, visit Fusion Cooling Systems.

 

Machining Operations

Like other manufactured parts, orthopaedic implants can involve several machines or computer numerical control (CNC) cutting operations, including grinding and even potentially metal 3D printing. On the machining center, operations for a typical knee implant can include roughing, tray base roughing, tray base finishing, chamfer milling, T-slot undercut machining, wall finishing/chamfering and undercut deburring. The goal is to achieve the required surface finish on the machine, reducing the need for time-consuming manual finishing.

 

Five-axis milling and grinding machines provide advantages to working with the complex shapes and contours of orthopaedic implants.

 

Cutting Tools

Seco Tools has introduced a line of cutting tools designed to shorten knee implant cycle times through high-speed machining and other aggressive milling strategies.

 

The Jabro medical range includes nine geometries and 39 tools, most of which are part of the Jabro Tornado high-speed cutting family. Each geometry is designed for particular applications in the machining of tibial tray and femoral knee implant components. Additionally, because these new dedicated tools are targeted for the machining of CoCr (cobalt-chrome) and 3-D printed Ti6Al4V ISO-S12 parts, they can be used for other medical implant components as well, including parts used in hip replacements and bone plates.

 

Should You Get into the Medical Machining Market?

If your machine shop already does high-precision or 5-axis machining for aerospace, it could be worthwhile to look into this lucrative, albeit highly competitive, manufacturing market. If your shop is eying the medical implant market, consider the following factors:

  • What is your capability for small-scale or micromachining? Some medical devices require very small components.
  • What is your capability to machine titanium and other challenging materials?
  • Can you efficiently manufacture small-batch or custom one-off complex parts?
  • Can you shop meet FDA certification standards for your machining processes?
  • Can your equipment handle the complex geometries required?

 

For more information on the equipment required for medical machining, check out this article from Mazak about its 5-axis machines’ applicability in this market.

 

By the way, if you have any interest in precision CNC machining, I recommend that you can visit Champion H&C Inc.: www.hc-aluminum.com. The company can provide a variety of CNC machined products for you. Get more details, welcome to check out Champion H&C product pages.

 

 

Article Source: https://www.engineering.com/AdvancedManufacturing/ArticleID/16486/Precision-CNC-Machining-of-Medical-Implants.aspx

The Best Impact Wrench Buying Guide

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An impact wrench is a must-have in the garage, but now it’s a must at home and inside the trunk of your car, so we offer for your convenience our very own 8-Step Impact Wrench Buying Guide.

 

A cordless impact wrench is both highly effective and efficient in removing and tightening bolts or screws that feel stuck in place. Having one is necessary in ensuring work is done both safely and swiftly.

 

Injury, however, could occur while using manual tools, the wrong tools, or simply old tools. Mishandling the tools or applications themselves can and do cause complications for the user, not the least of which are injuries, damage to property and machinery, and time that cannot be regained.

 

Acquiring and sticking to automatic and powerful tools like impact wrenches has become no less than necessary for both the professional and amateur alike. In order to help you better determine how best to make your cordless impact wrench purchase, below are some important tips for you to consider before blowing your money on a piece of hardware you will surely come to need around often—and thank your lucky stars for purchasing.

 

  1. High Torque

Simply put, this “power” is the bread and butter of any impact wrench, cordless, corded, or otherwise. Torque is defined by Hyper Physics as “the influence which tends to change the rotational movement of an object.” As it relates to the impact drill, the higher the amount of torque the tool has, the stronger the influence it will exert over the bolt or nut you have it working on.

 

Torque is typically in counted the hundreds. Make absolutely sure that it is not too low, which would only be good enough for intermediate purposes at best. No less than 200 or above is a good number to work with. Anything below is unacceptable! Remember what you want and will use this tool for—this is surely an area where you cannot skimp.

 

Life’s fast pace and development of technology can and does often require higher numbers, but these are not hard to stay abreast of because of the internet. You can easily stay updated by searching for this online – also, keep in mind that alternatives are always easy to find if you eventually think your main wrench falls below the standards that you need.

 

  1. High Rotations Per Minute (RPM)

When selecting an impact wrench that has impressive RPM’s, you will discover that 3,000 or above is an ideal number for basically any impact wrench. The impact tool relies on rotations to tighten or unwind a screw or nut in its place. More rotations translate to, of course, less effort on the part of the operator, as the cordless impact takes on the extra work speed itself.

 

Lower RPM can delay project completion so select a power tool that prioritizes RPM very much, even if the torque or Impacts Per Minute (IPM) may fall a bit below standard. The only exception to this, of course, is if you are simply not as concerned about finishing a task or project quickly.

 

Still, the faster the output shaft spins, the quicker your work can be done. While shopping in your favorite store or online retailer, remember to check the RPM ratings on the product before clicking the buy or reserve button in order to know just how fast your soon-to-be new impact wrench operates.

 

  1. High IPM

IPM (Impacts Per Minute), like RPM, should be suitably high enough because this power tool requires a LOT of contact to push down a screw or bolt and tighten or lose it. If it is not possible on your budget to have a high IPM impact tool, look for a device that balances the torque, RPM and IPM well.

 

The last (IPM) can fall off a bit if the first two (RPM and Torque) are great. Having more IPM means there is more contact between the tool and the intended target, and more contact means the targeted screw or lug nut stays firmly in position. It’s easy to see why this part of the tool is highly important, as well.

 

Couple this with a high torque and RPM and you have the makings of a nearly perfect impact wrench.

 

The next question would naturally be what source of power will your impact wrench use and how much are you willing to spend on it?

 

  1. Great Brand

Like most products out there, an excellent company or manufacturer will get you a lot when it comes to quality of the wrench you ultimately decide to buy and put to use.

 

Veteran brands, due to their established success, have all the privileges and experience to experiment on various designs and updates. Make sure you look into the catalogs of various companies first, in order to have a clear idea on what to buy for your garage or car.

 

New brands do come along here and there, of course, but with a still developing and improving technology like cordless impact wrenches, for example, it would be wiser to trust a brand that has been around for a long time. A tried and tested company would do you a lot of good when it comes to scanning for a potential impact wrench. Look up these trusted, veteran companies first and then check out what impact tool options they offer.

 

  1. Lightweight

Impact wrenches should be light enough for extended use and ease in carrying. If you haven’t picked up an impact or have only used a small variety of corded impacts, then you may actually find yourself surprised (and potentially dismayed) when your new battery-laden impact beast is plopped down at your front door and you lift the box. The good news is that there are many lighter-weight contenders out there that can fit both your application and comfort level simultaneously.

 

Lighter is always better if you are using the tool to screw in nuts and bolts with force. A lightweight tool is much better because it gives more mobility for the user and makes operating the power tool easier. This is especially true for those times when the impact is needed for a difficult project or for longer periods of time.

 

Lightweight wrenches must be prioritized since they make overall use easier and less strain on the wrist while operating on heavy work. Lighter is definitely better for a tool that will used for long periods of time.

 

It’s worth noting here that too many people have permanently damaged their wrists and hands and for no good reason, apart from making a few dollars. This is sad considering how many tools there are available to keep this very thing from happening. A lightweight tool is an excellent way to insure our bodies stay healthy and injury-free.

 

  1. Type of Impact Wrench

Depending on who you are, what you need, want, or think you need or want can vary. Not long ago, the only viable options for impact wrenches were electrical, corded versions, and the more popular compressed air versions. Due to the amazing work done by today’s leading tool manufacturers however, that has changed dramatically and now we have the wonderful option of the portable cordless impact wrench as well.

 

There are other options for the heavy-duty, industrial market of course, but they are outside the scope of this article so we won’t be covering them here.

 

  • Wired Electrical Impact Wrenches

These are 100% dependent upon having—and reaching—an AC outlet, therefore they are not given to situations that would require portability in or to remote locations. However, in certain situations and for certain people, they can keep the costs low and do what needs to be done.

 

They are typically ideal for those who do not need an impact quite as often, or perhaps those who are more like hobbyists, tinkerers, or light-duty, occasional home mechanics. In most cases, they are not as strong in the torque department as the compressed air wrenches, but they do provide enough power for the sporadic user.

 

Another added benefit of the electrical impact is that it doesn’t require the power source to be localized (on the tool itself) and therefore this makes the wrench a bit handier in tight spots.

 

  • Compressed Air Impact Wrenches

These impacts have been around since the dawn of time—or so it seems—and for good reasons.

 

Air tools have some excellent benefits and offer a wide variety of applications, provided one has a source of air provided nearby. While it may not be convenient for most people to lug around a small air tank in the trunk, it is still quite possible to keep one handy in the case of other needs as well, such as airing up a flattened tire on the roadside or perhaps an air mattress at the campsite.

 

The main benefits of the air impact are weight, power, and variety. This version of the impact needs relatively little local parts or mechanisms; therefore the design lends itself to many sizes and applications. “Inline air impact wrench” and “Pistol” impact designs vary, with the former appearing more like a screwdriver-style grip, while the latter should obviously conjure up images of the Wild West.

 

Similar to the electrical impact wrench, the compressed air version draws its power from elsewhere, allowing the tool’s design to focus only on performance and take up less room. This is especially true for the inline versions, which can be quite small—a great design for particular needs.

 

While the compressed air impact wrenches are more portable than their electrical brothers, they still fall short of the mark offered by the latest and increasingly popular member of the family.

 

  • Battery-Powered Cordless Impact Wrenches

In their early years, the battery-powered impact struggled in more than one category. The torque wasn’t yet there, the battery use time seemed shorter than the charge time (not to mention the battery life of the NiCads—shiver), and the prices were great for spitting out whatever you were drinking at the time of observation.

 

However, as they say, “Times they are a’ changin,” and the cordless impact wrench is one of the most useful, practical, valuable, and affordable innovations we have on the earth today.

 

Torque is no longer a problem as these tools come in an array of options for virtually any application, including the everyday, professional mechanic. Using our impact wrench buying guide’s sections above on features, you can choose which specifications are right for you. The same rings true for IPM, so the only remaining issues to consider are size, portability, and weight.

 

In way of size, one might think or suggest that this is where the cordless falls short of the electrical and air impacts, but this isn’t always the case. Years of innovations and advancements in both design and power source cause these cordless tools to be much more similar in size to their predecessors than before. Again, depending on application, we can choose the best impact wrench to suit our needs. Because of today’s technological advancements, we now have cordless impact wrenches that are strong, lighter, and easy to use. The added benefit is that today’s cordless tools are utilizing the Li-Ion (Lithium-Ion) batteries, which offer a compact size with power, use life, and longer lifespan.

 

Now that the cordless impact has gained so much ground on the traditional impacts in these other areas, it has become an essential part of our tool kits and even trunks, primarily due to the fact that they are the kings of portability. Toss it in the truck or car and go—no need to worry yourself or injure your body with large, unruly tools anymore. This is the main asset of the cordless tool: take it anywhere and do what you need to do.

 

  1. Safety Features

So, now you know that it is great to have an impact wrench that has high RPMs and IPMs for the best performance.

 

But in the midst of your starry-eyed shopping, don’t forget to select an impact wrench that is stocked up on the most important features of all: safety. An impact wrench is, after all, a power tool, therefore proper attention must be placed in not only knowing how to use it and what it does, but also what it is capable of.

 

A couple of important safety features include anti-overloading, cooling, etc. The best features on tools are designed for the explicit reason to keep us from sustaining injuries—these included safety mechanisms can save your life and improve the overall life of the tool.

 

Professional or not, these features are important because your safety should always be at the top of the list. The best in every field know that once you get this right, the other features can follow.

 

  1. Enjoy Your New Impact Wrench!

Now that you’ve got your grip with this handy impact wrench buying guide, we wish you the best of luck and congratulate you on your upcoming purchase! We have no doubt that you’ll enjoy your new impact power tool for years to come.

 

Get more impact wrench series information that you can try to check out KSPARK website. This company is specializing in kinds of air tools. Their products include air sander, air spray gun, airless pump, heavy duty impact wrench, air wrench, agitator mixer, and much more. More details, welcome to visit Kspark and feel free to send inquiry to them.

 

Article Source: https://wrenchguru.com/impact-wrench-buying-guide/

The Best Casting Process for Your Needs

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In the field of metal work, various methods of casting are used to turn molten metals into specific shapes for use in commercial and industrial products. Within each casting process, a cavity is formed in which molten metal is poured either with gravity or high pressure. After a number of seconds have passed, the metal solidifies and the newly hardened casting is released from the mold or form.

 

Casting is most often employed to make intricate metal objects that would otherwise be complicated and much costlier to produce with different methods.

 

The process of casting has existed since ancient times. Some of the earliest examples of metal casting exist today in the form of jewelry, tools and sculptures that have been retrieved from archeological sites and put on display in museums around the world. Early methods of casting included plaster mold casting and lost wax casting.

 

Today, the methods of casting fall into the non-expendable and expendable categories. Other variants of the two categories include the methods used to fill cavities — including pressure and gravity — and the material used to form a particular mold.

 

First, there’s the non-expendable type of casting, which would account for any method in which the mold can be used again. Examples of non-expendable casting include permanent mold and die casting methods, in which the molding cavities are made of metal. Non-expendable casting is often favored for its ability to produce uniform parts at high volumes.

 

Expendable casting accounts for any method in which the mold is discarded after a single use. Examples in this category include sand and plaster casting, in which molten metal is poured into a cavity that is then broken away to reveal a finished casting. A further example of expendable casting is investment casting, a modern version of lost wax casting, in which molds are formed around wax patterns, which are then melted away to reveal hard ceramic cavities for subsequent metal molding.

 

Aluminum Die Casting

With aluminum die casting, a process takes place where molten metal is forced into a cavity in which a mold is formed. The process is achieved with a pair of steel dies that have been machined into particular shapes, which form the molding cavity when joined together. A similar process can also be applied with castings made of copper, magnesium and other metals.

 

The aluminum die casting process is divided into four stages: preparation, fill, ejection and trim off the gate.

 

First, a lubricant or die release agent is applied to each half of the cavity in preparation for the injection of the metal to be cast. Next, the dies are brought together and the cavity — in some cases one, in some cases two or more — is filled with molten metal under high pressure, which is maintained until the casting hardens.

 

A waiting period follows, after which the metal will have hardened into its final shape. With that step completed, the dies are separated and the castings are pushed out of the mold with ejector pins. Afterward, the parts that comprise the scrap — runners, sprues, overflows etc. — are trimmed away. In some cases, the finished shape will then receive sanding or polishing along the surfaces.

 

The high pressure at which the cavity is filled is crucial to the process because this prevents any part of the casting from hardening prematurely. This also ensures that the entire cavity is filled with no discontinuity, which could otherwise occur in die castings with complex shape formations. High pressure also eliminates the possibility of air bubbles, while the entrapment of air is further avoided with vents along the dies surfaces.

 

Aluminum die castings can also be produced with secondary features on molds, such as holes and grooves. Aluminum die casting is used to create everything from marine and sporting components to oil pumps, engine cradles, transmission transfer cases, heatsinks, enclosures, and brake components. The process is generally reserved for high-volume industrial productions.

 

Sand Casting

In the process known as sand casting, hardened casts of sand are used within a gating system to mold metals and other materials into shape. The sand is formed around patterns, which form cavities within the sand that are subsequently filled with molten metal. Due to sand’s heat-resistant quality, sand casting accounts for the vast majority of metal mold production.

 

To make the sand castings, sand is mixed with clay, water and sometimes other substances. The process here is a lot different than die casting because the hard sand that forms the mold is broken away and dispensed with afterward. Nonetheless, sand castings are often used to produce complex molds that are harder to make with die castings.

 

The process of sand casting is divided into several steps. First, a pattern is placed into the sand, where a cavity is then formed within the sand through the application of gating, after which the pattern is removed. In some cases, the cavity will be rather complex, with multiple grooves and several turns, twists and corridors.

 

Next, the cavity within the sand is filled at high pressure with molten metal. Once the metal has cooled into a hardened shape, the sand cast is broken away and the mold is removed. The finished mold might then be modified in whichever way is necessary, whether it needs to be trimmed or buffered to a smooth shine.

 

Sand casting molds are commonly used to make complex metal objects, such as one-piece equipment parts with various contours that would be hard to produce through other casting methods. Examples include the trap pipes used in household plumbing systems and metal doorknobs and lampshades.

 

Sand casting is also used for artistic items such as living room fixtures and metal sculptures. Sand casts are even used in jewelry production for items such as rings and metal bracelets. Whether the finished product is complex or simple, sand casting is a reliable method that allows manufacturers to form exact shapes with the utmost precision and detail.

 

V-Casting

An alternate form of sand casting is known as vacuum molding, or V-casting, which involves the use of unbonded sand. V-casting is often employed in the production of ferrous and non-ferrous metal molds.

 

The process makes it possible to form molds without the use of pressurized compaction methods, such as squeezing and blowing. Instead, clean molds are achieved with dry sand and vacuum pressure. V-casting allows manufacturers to do away with sand mixers and other equipment required for hardened sand.

 

V-casting can be carried out with a simple arsenal that consists of a vacuum system, a pattern, a film heater, a flask and a vibration surface. The process is generally clean and free of fumes or odors. Once finished, the dry sand is simply recycled for the next application. As such, V-casting is one of the most waste-free methods by which molds are cast for metal products.

 

In V-casting, patterns are placed onto boards with vacuum chamber vents. Heat-softened sheets of plastic are then placed over the pattern and the vacuums are activated. This causes the plastic to wrap tightly to the details of the pattern. Once hardened, the pattern is removed from the mold. Then, a vacuum process is utilized to pull molten aluminum through the cavities.

 

V-casting is often favored due to its ability to produce fine finishes with precise dimensions. A multitude of shapes can be achieved with the method, whether the mold is lightweight or heavy. The process allows you to reuse patterns multiple times and leaves little scrap excess material upon completion.

 

Investment Casting

Investment casting is a modern-day method of lost wax casting, which has been used for thousands of years in the creation of art fixtures, figures and masks. Archeological finds throughout Eurasia have included plates, vases and furnishings made with earlier forms of the wax casting method.

 

Investment casting is favored in a variety of industrial productions because of its versatility and accuracy of detail. Numerous mechanical pieces, such as valves and turbines, are made from the process of investment casting.

 

First, a master pattern is made from wax, or sometimes from wax replicas of a preexisting non-wax pattern. Next, a mold is created, which is also referred to as the “master die.” Several different wax patterns can be combined into a bigger pattern for a single molding. For industrial applications, the wax patterns are applied to a sprue that connects to a mechanical arm.

 

Next, the wax molds are dipped in ceramic with factory machinery. Then, the mold is heated and the wax melts out from the surrounding ceramic mold. With the ceramic molds now empty, molten metals are poured into the cavities formed by the ceramic.

 

Once the metal inside the ceramic molds have hardened, the ceramic forms are broken away. Afterward, excess parts are removed from the metal shapes, which are then readied for their ultimate use.

 

Where to Find Die Casting Manufacturer?

Champion H&C Inc. is a professional manufacturer of specializing in kinds of die casting processes and CNC machined products. Such as aluminum die casting parts, zinc alloy die casting parts, CNC lathe machining parts, CNC turning parts, and much more products that you all can find on Champion H&C website. If you need more information about die casting process, please do not hesitate to send inquiry to contact with Champion H&C Inc. immediately.

 

 

Article Source: https://diecasting.com/blog/2017/07/31/best-casting-process-for-your-needs/

Precision Metal Stamping – How to Find a Qualified Supplier

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When selecting a supplier for stamped metal components with tight tolerances and critical features, there are some important factors that you should consider. Although important, unit cost should not be the sole deciding factor as explained below. Making a purchasing decision only based on quoted cost may result in overall dissatisfaction with a supplier’s performance, or even in a disastrous situation. The following ten factors should be taken into account when selecting a precision metal stamping supplier:

 

  1. Years of Experience
  2. Ability to Design Precision Stamping Dies
  3. Ability to Build and Troubleshoot Precision Stamping Dies
  4. Process Control
  5. A Die Maintenance Program
  6. Delivery Time Frame
  7. Running Speed
  8. Spare Tooling
  9. “Attention to Detail”
  10. The Ability to Perform Secondary Operations

 

First and foremost, it is essential to select a precision metal stamping supplier who has significant experience. Make sure that you take the time to understand how long a supplier has been in business, and to become familiar with the types of components that they have stamped in the past. It is important to know if a supplier’s expertise is in flat parts, formed parts, or both. Take the time to learn about the supplier’s experience in working with difficult, intricate parts, their ability to hold tight tolerances, and their ability to achieve complex bends (on formed parts).

 

The second and third factors to consider are whether the supplier has experience in designing, and building precision metal stampings. A supplier who can design and build precision metal stamping dies will inevitably be much more qualified to succeed in stamping your components than a supplier without these capabilities. A supplier who designs precision metal stamping dies understands the importance of having certain features and stations in a die which will result in the highest efficiency and quality during the stamping operation. A supplier who is adept at building and developing precision metal stamping dies has the added benefit of being able to troubleshoot any unplanned stamping issues.

 

The fourth factor to consider when selecting a precision metal stamping supplier is the supplier’s capability in the area of process control. If a supplier is ISO-certified, this provides a certain layer of insurance that control processes are in place. Understanding how a precision metal stamping supplier creates and works with control plans is important. Visiting the supplier and seeing their Quality system in operation is probably the best way to evaluate a supplier’s attention to process control. Determining the role of the Quality technician at a supplier will speak volumes to assuring that a job will end up successful. Evaluating a supplier’s investment in inspection equipment is an additional indicator of potential success.

 

Next, it is beneficial to determine if a precision metal stamping supplier offers a die maintenance program. This will result in maximizing the life of the die and will optimize your total life cycle cost for your stamped component. A good die maintenance program will address die and die component inspection, synchronization and adjustment of die/press/peripheral equipment, proper assembly/disassembly techniques, die component replacement schedules, etc.

 

Sixth, a precision metal stamping supplier’s delivery track record will reveal whether or not a supplier has the proper systems in place to not only quote a good delivery time frame, but actually to deliver on-time. If a precision metal stamping supplier is not officially tracking their on-time delivery performance, then it is better to select another supplier.

 

The precision metal stamping supplier’s ability to achieve certain running speeds is the seventh factor that should be considered. An experienced supplier will be able to run at faster speeds (while maintaining quality), and consequently provide the most optimized pricing.

 

The eighth factor to consider is spare tooling. Often overlooked, a discussion of a spare tooling list is critical to a precision metal stamping job. A good supplier will suggest discussing spare tooling up front in order to maximize the likelihood of success for a stamping campaign. Make sure that this cost is taken into account when judging one quote against another. Require all bidders to address spare tooling. If a precision metal stamping supplier has the added capability of being able to manufacture its own spare tooling, this is an obvious benefit.

 

Next, it is important to determine if a precision metal stamping supplier is one that will pay close attention to the “fine details” of a job. In addition to looking at the quality of a supplier’s previous sample parts, try to determine if a supplier is concerned about fine details by noticing their behavior early in the quoting process. A supplier who asks a lot of questions pertaining to part quality, key features, and tolerances is typically one who will likely over-deliver in the area of “attention to detail”.

 

Lastly, a precision metal stamping supplier who has the added capability of performing secondary operations is invaluable in area of overall supply chain logistics. A supplier that can perform any of the following additional operations will typically result in significant savings for your company: cleaning, electroplating, packaging, product assembly, custom automation (in conjunction with the stamping operation), and machine vision inspection.

 

Coolmosa is a 20-year-experience stamping parts company, offering metal stamping parts, metal parts custom stamping, precision stamping parts for cooler field. Have ISO 9002 approval, they provide the most comprehensive stamping parts solutions in the industry. For more metal stamping parts information, please feel free to send inquiry to Coolmosa Technology Co., Ltd.

 

With a long reputation as a chief manufacturer of stamping parts, Coolmosa will be your right choice on your business needs.

 

 

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/3597384

5 Major Advantages to Using Plastic Injection Molding for the Manufacturing of Parts

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Plastic injection molding is extremely versatile method of producing parts and products. It is one of the preferred methods for manufacturing parts because it has multiple advantages over other methods of plastic molding. Not only is plastic injection molding simpler and more reliable, it is also extremely efficient. You should have no doubts about using this method to manufacture parts.

 

Here are 5 major advantages of using injection molding for manufacturing plastic parts and components.

 

  1. Detailed Features and Complex Geometry

 

The injection molds are subjected to extremely high pressure. As a result the plastic within the molds is pressed harder against the mold compared to any other molding process. Due to this excessively high pressure, it is possible to add a large amount of details into the design of the part.

 

Furthermore, due to high pressure during the molding process, complex and intricate shapes can easily be designed and manufactured which otherwise would have been too complicated and expensive to manufacture.

 

  1. High Efficiency

 

Once the injection molds have been designed to the customer’s specifications and the presses pre-programmed, the actual molding process is very quick compared to other methods of molding. Plastic injection molding process hardly takes times and this allows more parts to be manufactured from a single mold. The high production output rate makes plastic injection molding more cost effective and efficient.

 

  1. Enhanced Strength

 

In plastic injection molding, it is possible to use fillers in the injection molds. These filler reduce the density of the plastic while it being molded and also help in adding greater strength to the part after it has been molded. In fields where parts need to be strong and durable, plastic injection has an option that other molding processes do not offer.

 

  1. Ability to Use Multiple Plastic Types Simultaneously

 

One of the major advantages of using plastic injection molding for manufacturing parts is the ability to use different types of plastic simultaneously. This can be done with the help of co-injection molding, which takes away the worry about using a specific type of plastic.

 

  1. Automation to Save Manufacturing Costs

 

Plastic injection molding is an automated process. A majority of the injection molding process is performed by machines and robotics which a sole operator can control and manage. Automation helps to reduce manufacturing costs, as the overheads are significantly reduced. Furthermore, with reduced labor force the overall cost of manufacturing the parts is reduced and this cost saving can easily be passed on to the customer.

 

Furthermore, automation allows for making precise and accurate injection molds. Computer aided design (CAD) and computer aided manufacturing (CAM) allow close tolerances during the making of the molds.

 

The Bottom Line

 

Using injection molding also ensures the parts manufactured hardly require any work after the production. This is because the parts have more or less a finished appearance after they are ejected from the injection molds.

 

Today, plastic injection molding is an environment-friendly process. The scrap plastic generated during the production process is reground and re-used. Hence, the process generates very little waste.

 

Learn more information about plastic injection molding or injection moulding products, try to visit Shin Fang Plastic Industrial. The company can provide a variety of plastic bag accessories for customers. Feel free to contact with Shin Fang.

 

Article Source: http://nanomoldcoating.com/5-major-advantages-to-using-plastic-injection-molding-for-the-manufacturing-of-parts/